Daniel by Jim Leffel (2010)

The book of Daniel takes place in a unique time of captivity for the Jewish people. Three interwoven questions are answered throughout the book: 1) why are the Jewish people in Babylon?; 2) how do they live in Babylon?; and 3) where does history go from here? The book of Daniel, with its many prophecies, withstands textual criticism by both external sources and internal accuracy. God desires for us to be brought into an authentic faith through books like Daniel.

For the Jewish people living in exile, there were challenges to their identity as their lives were controlled by the Babylonians. They chose neither to assimilate to their spiritual hostile culture nor to totally separate from it, but instead to be different in a good way. Modern-day culture is just as spiritually hostile as in the time of Daniel. Believers today should be different in a way that lends credibility to God and His message, without compromising in important areas of morality and truth.

Daniel's interpretation of King Nebuchadnezzar's dream gives a framework for specific, verifiable visions from God. Through this interpretation, God revealed a succession of human kingdoms from Babylon, Persia, Greece, and finally to Rome and man's final kingdom. This illustrates the difference between human kingdoms, whose fortune is volatile, and God's kingdom that endures forever. The purpose of prophecy in the Bible is to allow for an informed faith and to provide reason to believe what God says in every area.

When Nebuchadnezzar demanded universal worship of a statue, God's people faced a difficult and painful decision against the pressures of their culture. Today, the cultural bottom line that demands our loyalty has to do with the exaltation of the self. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego made their decision based on integrity and an informed confidence in God. In the furnace, God was with them in their suffering.

King Nebuchadnezzar suffered from insanity caused by inner problems with a profound spiritual dimension. Greatest of all was his pride, in which he was self-deceived about his greatness and blind to his cruelty. God pursues him through a revelation of knowledge and a demonstration of His power. When Nebuchadnezzar humbly turns to praise God, he experiences God's blessing and receives personal knowledge of who God is.

King Belshazzar's hubris was able to distort reality to fit his desires even when God himself delivered a supernatural message. The writing on the wall contained three statements: 1) your days are numbered; 2) you've been found wanting; and 3) your kingdom goes to another. We should seek to avoid the hubris of Belshazzar as we live in light of eternity, seek to be made right with God, and realize that only our accomplishments for God will result in a lasting legacy.

When Darius involuntarily takes part in a trap to kill Daniel in a lion's den, he feels immense guilty, angry, and provoked at the fact that he had condemned a man with distinguished character. Daniel refused to give up the work of prayer as an act of rebellion, trusting that God is powerful and thanking Him. When Daniel was saved by God, his provocative faith caused Darius to come to terms with God and encouraged the exiles.

Predictive prophecy is God's revelation of His plan for history. This is important for us because God wants us to know what He is doing and has done so that it can be an objective foundation for faith. Biblical prophecy should be interpreted in light of its self-interpretation, its context in the Bible, and by known history. The visions that Daniel receives correspond to a succession of kingdoms in history, and indicate the end of history: that justice and grace will triumph, and that the Son of Man will rule.

Many of Daniel's prophecies refer to God's kingdom, promised to the throne of David to be a blessing to all the nations. The ruler of this kingdom is called the "Son of Man," said to be more than an ordinary man, a king and priest who is paradoxically killed. Jesus is the ultimate fulfillment of these prophecies and, as Daniel said, he will return to rule. God has etched His purpose and character into history so that we might respond to His call to the freedom of His kingdom.

Great works of God are accomplished by the disciplined intercession of God's people. Prayer is an opportunity to participate in the supernatural and to bring praise to God. Daniel repeatedly pleaded with God in a way that shows three principles on the subject of prayer: 1) pleas should be specific; 2) pleas should be confident; and 3) pleas are rooted in grace.

The main theme of Daniel's prophecies is that God is not aloof, but is aware and at work in human history. In the seventy sevens prophecy, God declares the year that Jesus will die hundreds of years in advance. God has given objective evidence in history where He has laid out His plan and purpose. Each person then has a decision to make concerning their personal belief in Jesus.

All throughout Daniel's visions of kingdoms, there are hints of a kingdom distinct from but related to Rome, that has not come yet. This final kingdom is connected with Rome because Rome has come to be an ultimate symbol of human corruption. It is also connected with Antiochus Epiphanes because it will have an evil ruler who claims divinity, commits unparalleled violence, and coincides with a time of great tribulation. After this 7 year period of tribulation, Jesus will return to set things right.

In Daniel's vision of the angel Michael, he is told that all people will live forever and will be accountable for what they've done. Jesus' resurrection contains a promise that those who receive his free gift of salvation will be put into the Book of Life and raised to eternal life. Those who are raised will be glorified, receiving a restored body, identity, character, and knowledge. God's vast record of fulfilled promises assures us that He will fulfill His word about these things.

Daniel's visions give profound insight into the spiritual world that are totally distinct from western skepticism or animistic superstition. The Bible describes angels as powerful, personal, spiritual beings with limited access to humans. There is a conflict in the spiritual world because of Satan's accusations against God's goodness. Because this conflict also extends to us, we should be on the alert as we place our confidence in God.