Mark by Dennis McCallum (2006)

The gospel of Mark begins with declaring the good news that Jesus Christ, the Messiah, is coming. John the Baptist paved the way for Jesus' arrival, teaching that people needed forgiveness through God that would ultimately be possible through Jesus. Jesus' work was prefigured throughout the prophets in the Old Testament, revealing God's plan for salvation from the beginning. Jesus' message of reconciliation with God was something completely radical to people of his day, and his message of grace is still radical today.

Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist reflected that he would take over the work that preceded him by the Old Testament prophets. Jesus' temptation in the wilderness by Satan describes the intense spiritual battle that we, as Christians, are a part of. In order to be successful in spiritual warfare, Christians need to be rooted in God's truth to dismantle Satan's lies and have dependence on the Holy Spirit's power during times of temptation. Jesus was now ready to begin his ministry to tell people about the forgiveness possible through him.

At the beginning of his ministry, Jesus performs many miracles. He interacts with a man with an unclean spirit, a man with leprosy, and a paralyzed man. These interactions communicate Jesus' authority over evil spirits, that he is deeply compassionate towards those who are outcasts, has the power to forgive sins, and can sense deep spiritual hunger of people who don't know him. These miracles are signs to point to Jesus' greater work seen through dying on the cross for humanity.

Jesus interaction at Levi's party distinguishes his focus on love versus the fortress theology of the Pharisees. The attitude of the Pharisees was mean-spirited, accusing, and self-righteous. Jesus' love didn't discriminate based on their cultural standing or the sins of people, but was for those who really wanted to be healed and seek forgiveness. Jesus was excited to show love to all types of people and interested in those who see their helplessness as opposed to those who think they're fine on their own.

Jesus' teachings concerning fasting, wine and wineskins, and helping people on the Sabbath, distinguish human teaching from God's agenda. Man-made traditions tend to be legalistic, exacting and ultimately unloving. God's agenda, seen through grace, is motivated by what's most loving and is flexible to get God's purposes moving forward. Human traditions often collide with how God desires us to live, as the focus becomes more on the method versus loving people. This teaching includes an interview asking people what they think about church traditions.

Personal discipleship was at the center of Jesus' three and a half year ministry on earth. Jesus spent the majority of his time investing in love relationships with his disciples to instruct, model, and teach them in order that they would go and replicate that with others. These types of relationships are God's intended method of reaching people for Christ throughout the New Testament and involves much personal sacrifice and toil, but is highly rewarding as people mature spiritually to become active servants of Christ.

Jesus describes people's responsiveness to God's Word in a parable of four soils. The four responses of the soil include: 1) forgetful hearer; 2) superficial hearer; 3) distracted hearer; and 4) the soil that bears much fruit. The focus for Christians is sending forth God's message to people and being faithful to His message even when people don't respond to it. The choice is still up to the individual on which type of soil they'd like to be.

Jesus uses parables to describes new dimensions of God's purposes and plans. Contrary to what the people were expecting, the growth of the Kingdom of God will be gradual and will, over time, become large in scope. God's kingdom will infiltrate the current world system and will be purchased by Jesus' sacrifice on the cross. Our role in God's kingdom is cultivate and seek to grow the kingdom, to appreciate the great work of God's kingdom, and remember that God's power is the source of all the growth.

Jesus' interaction with the Gerasene demoniac gives us insight into how to confront matters of the occult. Occult worship is empowered by Satan and can lead to incredibly harmful results for people who don't know Jesus, including possession and spiritual oppression. From Jesus' account, we see some characteristics of demon possession, including: 1) extraordinary strength; 2) paroxysms; 3) spiritual resistance; 4) self-destructive tendencies; and 5) tongues and voices. Jesus has ultimate authority, including over the demonic forces controlling people. Those involved in occult practice should denounce it under Christ's authority and turn towards Christ for real security from evil forces.

Throughout multiple encounters, Jesus gives insight into how people respond to faith. Biblical faith is not about the amount, but where the object of the faith is placed. Jesus specifically responded to people who understood their helplessness before him. At the same time, Jesus holds people accountable to respond to him in faith and is eager to demonstrate grace and God's power as people act out of their faith.

Jesus' sending of the twelve reflects important principles of Christian ministry. Jesus' instructions included sending out in pairs for support, how to endure failure, and looking for those who could be bridges for God's work. Doing God's work involves hardship and dealing with people that are unresponsive to Christ, but is extremely rewarding and exciting. This teaching included a testimony about the joy of serving God.

The miracle of the feeding of the 5,000 demonstrates God's desire to use people to meet others' needs. Jesus was more concerned about the people's need than his personal wants, and just as satisfied with the disciples availability rather than any ability they thought they could conjure up on their own. God desires to meet the spiritual hunger in people's lives through Christ and is committed to using His church and community of believers to accomplish this purpose. Christians who go out to meet others needs will come back deeply satisfied themselves, as evidenced through this miracle.

Jesus' walking on water demonstrates the impact of where our focus is. Peter and the disciples were so terrified of the storms and waves that they took their focus off Jesus, something that is common for Christians today. Turning back to focus our attention on Jesus allows us to acknowledge our problems, but not make them the focus of our lives. Developing a vertical perspective will prevent us from concentrating on the problems and things we don't have in this life.

Jesus and the Pharisees held two competing views of spirituality which caused immense disputing among them. The Pharisees focused on man-made religion and outward observance, while neglecting the inward heart attitudes that God desires from people. While the Pharisees avoided acknowledging their sin and claimed to be close to God, Jesus stressed the importance of grace, freely receiving a relationship with God without any man-made works. Outward observance and inward heart change are in stark contrast to each other.

The biggest question to answer is who Jesus is. Jesus came and predicted that he would suffer, be killed, and rise again three days later. For followers of Jesus, the next decision is whether or not discipleship (radically following Jesus) is something that you desire. Jesus' example of self-sacrifice was demonstrated through his death on the cross and is the key to enjoying a satisfying and fulfilling life for Christ.

Jesus' transfiguration on the mountain before James, Peter and John communicates the transcendence and immanence of God. Often, God will use spiritual experiences for strengthening and encouragement during trial. This event also proved that Jesus fulfilled and supersedes the Old Testament. As Christians, we should learn to enjoy spiritual experiences but not depend on them for the basis of our faith, which is found in Christ.

Jesus' sacrifice on the cross was God's mystery that He kept hidden from all creation. Jesus' first coming broke expectations for people at the time, as God had planned for a second coming to take place after the time of the cross, ushering in a time for God to use His church to reach people for Christ. The cross was God's demonstration of His perfect love and was kept hidden from Satan in order to ultimately defeat him through Jesus Christ's first coming at the cross.

When the focus of sexuality is servant love, we understand that sex is highly intimate and thus can be highly damaging, so we want to listen to God's perspective on what will be the most fulfilling. The key to success in sexual relationships is that it is centered around God. When centered on God, sexuality is able to be freeing and highly unifying as both parties are secure in their position in Christ and can look to serve one another out of God's love, rather than needlessly taking from one another. For those not in marriages, developing our ability to give love in Christian community is a great starting point.

The topics of dating, marriage and divorced are discussed. The biblical ideal for dating relationships is loving the whole person through agape love. Agape love is deeply sacrificial and exemplified through action over time, as opposed to a primarily feeling-based, temporary, taking type of relationship or marriage. Immature relationships produce co-dependent, romanticized, superficial relating that puts self at the center. Common hurdles within marriage include pride, control, expectations, and a lack of grace. These are able to be cultivated in the context of close relationships - dating or platonic. This teaching also touches on what steps Christians can take if they are divorced.

Jesus interacts with a rich young man whose self-righteousness and moral goodness prevent him from seeing his need for Jesus. Jesus' interaction demonstrates the power of affluence and how seeing the need for Jesus is difficult. Instead, Jesus proposes that people become like children, that is: humble, dependent, and willing to trust in Jesus. Those who are humble enough to see their need for Jesus can inherit eternal life, while those who are caught up in wealth and their own righteousness could miss out.

James' and John's desire to be at the places of honor reflects the damaging effects of human pride and putting self at the center. Jesus tells them that true leadership is servant leadership, where you forsake self for the building up of others. Jesus perfectly demonstrated sacrificial servant leadership by going to the cross to pay for humanity's moral debt to God. Humility before God and others is a key attribute of being effective in servant leadership.

During this discourse, Jesus reveals portions of what will happen at the end of human history. At the end of the church age, there will be a great period of tribulation like nothing that has been seen before. Incredible technology, increased populations, and moral anarchy will characterize this time that Jesus predicted. With these in mind, there is an urgency for Christians to fulfill God's work before this time, an increased need for healthy Christian community, and a need for alertness to watch for these signs of the end of human history.

Mary's sacrifice of her expensive perfume at the expense of Jesus infuriates Jesus' disciples. Jesus highlights Mary's sacrifice isn't a waste, as they might think, but will be richly rewarded before God and remembered. The contrast between the disciples' and Jesus' viewpoint highlights the difference when we think about the temporary things to indulge rather than living for the eternal impacts that come from pursuing what God desires. Mary's faith and eternal perspective made her sacrifice not a sacrifice at all because of who she was looking to serve. This teaching also includes a testimony of a man in a law firm that realized God's eternal impact and how to live for that rather than temporary things.

Jesus' last supper brings up the importance of the New Testament practice of communion. Jesus' call to eat the bread and drink the wine was foreshadowing his ultimate payment of sins on the cross. Today, communion is a New Testament practice for believers to share in fellowship and remember the importance of Jesus' work on the cross. Focusing on what God did on the cross can lead us to a greater appreciation for Jesus' sacrifice and also the unique bond between all believers through the Holy Spirit.

n the last night of Jesus' life, we get insight into two people very close to him: Judas Iscariot and Peter. Both men experienced immense failure, but the outcomes were entirely different. The difference in outcome was based on the response to failure. Judas encountered worldly remorse, also known as metamelomai. This type of regret is depicted by self-pity, shame that leads to moving away from God, and ultimately led to Judas' death. Peter's response was known as metanoia, or godly repentance. This type of response is a change of perspective, where you accept God's forgiveness which leaves no regret. Godly repentance leads us ultimately into closer relationship with God and allowed Peter to be used in incredible ways by God in the early church. These two kinds of sorrow are important to consider for Christians when they encounter failure.

The most important event in human history occurred when Jesus Christ went to the cross. Jesus' crucifixion was the epitome of physical torment, and included being stripped naked and flogging. Not only that, but Jesus endured spiritual torment by taking on God's wrath to pay for humanity's sin. Jesus paid the certificate of death for all humanity in the greatest demonstration of sacrificial love. As Christians, the cross is a constant reminder of God's love for us and something we should thank God for regularly. For those who aren't Christians, making a decision about Jesus' work on the cross is the most important decision to make.

Jesus' resurrection from the dead is the crux of the Christian faith. There are several compelling reasons to believe in its historical credibility, including: 1) failure to exhume the body; 2) lack of any interest in the burial place of Jesus; 3) reports by woman; 4) the spread of Christianity after the events of the cross; and 5) the willingness of the apostles to go to their death for their faith. Without a physical resurrection of Christ, Christianity ceases to exist and the faith is useless.